GASTROSCOPY
Direct Visualization of the esophagus and the stomach using a lighted flexible tube.
Nursing Implications:
- NPO post midnight or at least 8 hours prior to the procedure and maintain NPO until gag reflex returns.
- Anesthesia, by a spray or gargle, may lead to sore throat for 4 days after the procedure
- Observe hematemesis and respiratory distress
PROCTOSCOPY SIGMOIDOSCOPY
Direct Visualization of the sigmoid colon and the anal canal
Nursing Implications:
- Laxative night before exam, NPO from midnight and enema or suppository in the morning of the procedure
COLONOSCOPY
Direct Visualization of the colon
Nursing Implication:
- Clear Liquid 1 to 3 days prior
- Cathartics for 2 nights prior
- Enema in am of exam
- Observe stool and vital signs
GASTRIC ASPIRATION
Insertion of nasogastric tube and aspiration of gastric of gastric content for laboratory analysis of abnormal constituents (blood, bacteria, malignant cells) and pH.
Nursing Implications:
- NPO at least 6 hours before the test
- Send aspirate to laboratory for test
- Histamine is someties ordered to stimulate HCL production (achlorydia - no HCL production is a findings in Pernicious Anemia)
- Occult blood test (Guaiac Test) may also be used to detect presence of blood in the aspirate (as it is also a test for occult blood in the stool)
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